The design of foundations for offshore wind requires thousands of calculations. A medium-sized offshore wind farm nowadays has more than 100 locations, each with a slightly different soil profile and loading conditions. To reduce the number of calculations, engineers used to design for the worst possible case, which in the case of a 100-turbine farm means that at least 99 foundations will be larger than they need to be.
To truly optimize foundation design throughout the entire wind farm, engineers need to run more analyses in less time. In this context, automation is not a nice-to-have, but a necessity. The new Python scripting API for PLAXIS Monopile Designer enables these automated workflows. You can now write your automation scripts, calling on PLAXIS Monopile Designer, PLAXIS 3D, and/or OpenWindPower through their respective APIs, all using the same scripting language.
Plaxis 3d Foundation V2.2 47
Groundwater affects the load carrying behavior of foundations as the effective stress changes with the location of groundwater level (GWL) where the non-linear variations in stiffness and strength and the GWL influence zones below the foundation are involved. In this study, the load-settlement curve and the axial load capacity of piled-raft foundation with changes in GWL was investigated based on the results obtained from the finite element (FE) analyses. The full depth range of GWL from the top soil surface to the depth of well-below pile base was considered in the FE analyses. Changes in the effective stress and state-dependent soil stiffness with GWL were quantitatively evaluated and considered. It was found that the axial load capacity changed most significantly for GWL depths from 0 to 1.0 times the raft width, indicating that the GWL influence depth for piled rafts is controlled by raft size. The GWL effect factors for the load capacity (Cw) and settlement (Sw) of piled rafts were proposed. It was found that the values of Sw were larger than for unpiled rafts. The maximum value of Sw for piled rafts was 1.55 for GWL at the top surface, which decreased logarithmically with increases in the depth of GWL. The correlation of Sw to GWL was proposed.
Using the PLAXIS three-dimensional (3D) software, a full 3D numerical modeling is performed to investigate the effects of ground movements caused by tunneling on adjacent pile foundations. The numerical model was validated using centrifuge test data found in the literature. The relevance of the 3D model is also judged by comparison with the 2D plane strain model using the PLAXIS 2D code.
A. Querelli, is currently MSc. in Geotechnical Engineering in 2019, from the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Querelli graduated the BSc. 2012 in the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazli. For almost 10 years in the geotechnical engineer area (since 2013), Mr. Querelli has been a consultant engineer, designing foundations, retainment walls, soil reinforcement, slope stability, excavations, roads and many other geotechnical works. ORCID: 0000-0001-5973-9895
T.J. Souza, is PhD. in Geotechnical Engineering at the Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA). He graduated the BSc. Eng. in Civil Engineering in 2008, from the Salvador University, Brazil, and MSc. in Geotechnical Engineering in 2011, from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. During his Master and Doctor degrees, he worked with in situ and laboratory testing for site characterization of soils mainly for foundations engineering. ORCID: 0000-0003-0127-337X
A.A.Cepeda, is MSc. of Science in Geotechnical Engineering in 2013 from the Politecnico di Torino, Italy. Cepeda is BSc. in 2013, from the Escola Politecnica da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil and since then he has worked as a consultant engineer, evaluating slope stability (soil and rock), designing retaining walls, foundations, landfill stability and many other geotechnical works. ORCID: 0000-0001-8150-7935
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